Edge sorting video. Edge sorting is a gambling strategy that helps players to gain an unfair advantage over the casino. Edge sorting video

 
 Edge sorting is a gambling strategy that helps players to gain an unfair advantage over the casinoEdge sorting video  To have that item sorted into the list, perform the “ Sort by name ” action again

It's an odd word because my post-retirement schedule is already jammed full. As you surely know, in October, 2014, Ivey lost his lawsuit to recoup his $12M in winnings from Crockfords. 75% in baccarat. Replied on January 30, 2021. The technique relies on small irregularities in the patterns on the backs of cards. Tap the “Sort by Date” option. Next to the sort by drop down click the Edit default order button. . To export Microsoft Edge favorites to a file, use these steps: Open Microsoft Edge. Important: If your browser or phone is set to Spanish (ES-ES or ES-MX), you'll automat. In this sidebar, you can access a wide range of additional content, including the new Facebook Gaming streaming service. Edge sorting requires a sharp memory and the ability to spot irregularities either in patterns, shapes, or cuts of cards. A. . Check Out This Video on Edge Sorting. It's an odd word because my post-retirement schedule is already jammed full. All our free online sorting games are rendered in mobile-friendly HTML5, so they offer cross-device gameplay. Here are all the Casino game where Phil Ivey used "edge sorting" answers. Although at this time, there are no official laws yet regarding the practice, casinos really don’t like it. Starting in Microsogt Edge Canary 86. Click on ‘Start sampling’. The grey area of whether or not edge sorting was cheating or skill would be so. October 01, 2014. The burden of proof was on Ivey, not Crockfords. The idea is to study the back of a card or cards, identify which rank and number it belongs to and lock it in your memory. As a result, the two players. Scroll down a bit to find a setting named ‘Show favorites bar. These options are. Certain decks of cards have imperfections in their design, such as variations. The game has a relatively low house edge, and it is, essentially, a 50/50 gamble each time you play. Now on the Data acquisition page enter the label name and select ‘Camera’ as the sensor. Kevin Winter/Getty. On the Favorites page, click the More options (. 2. Select Launch Merrill Edge MarketPro. . Color Separation is a simple color identification game where you must sort the jumbled colored squares according to their color. Like the London case, the couple noticed small differences on the cards’ backs and subsequently asked the dealer to arrange them in a particular way. Seeing as he was accompanied by a known edge sorter and asked for many conditions consistent with edge sorting it was inevitable that during Crockford's defence they would prove he used edge sorting. This game is rendered in mobile-friendly HTML5, so it offers cross-device gameplay. The best Organizing YouTube channels from thousands of YouTubers on the web ranked by subscribers, views, video counts and. gh (778. If you want to delete all info, click the Remove all (trash can) button. You can read more about edge sor. Click the More options (three-dotted) button and select the Manage favorites. Seattle Seahawks CB Devon Witherspoon sets the edge and drops San Francisco 49ers WR. THEN you could store it in a list or a database, and finally - sort by oldest. Under favorites windows, click on three horizontal dots for More options. Learn everything about edge sorting in baccarat, how this advantage play technique is used, and whether or not it is cheating. Select Edit web part. PocketTube is the easiest way to manage all your YouTube subscriptions. Neste vídeo você vai aprender como identificar as cartas de baralho mesmo quando estão viradas para baixo. A pop-up window will appear, prompting you to give that add-on permission to install. Edge Sorting Defined: Edge sorting involves identifying and exploiting minute discrepancies on the edges of playing cards, enabling players to gain an advantage in baccarat. Edge sorting is most often used in the house game of Baccarat (as well as with a form of the game known as Punto Banco). Log in to your Merrill Edge Self-Directed account from your desktop or laptop computer. If a new item is added to the folder, it is placed at the bottom of the list. Edge sorting is a gambling strategy that helps players to gain an unfair advantage over the casino. The “edge-sorting” technique that Ivey employed is as complicated as it is esoteric. Teachers can use this video to teach young children; from pre-k to kind. Edge sorting. Learn how to use Microsoft Edge Collections Feature. The term usually refers to house-banked casino games, but can also refer to games played against other players, such as poker. It's not broken for us, the consumers; it's broken for the house, Google. Step 3: Check if the new edge creates a cycle or loop in a spanning tree. It is also highly competitive with CPU imple-mentations, being up to 3. It used to be easy to do! When I open Collections, it starts with "Create new collection" with no way to sort. Note: This topic is for the new Microsoft Edge . The method involves identifying and exploiting imperfections on the back of the cards, such as irregular patterns, tiny differences in printing, or other distinguishing. Children and adults can play our sorting arcade video games on mobile devices like Apple iPhones, Google Android powered cell phones from manufactures like Samsung, tablets like the iPad or Kindle Fire, laptops, and Windows-powered. Edge sorting works best in a version of Baccarat known as ‘Punto Banco’. To add new media files to the queue, use these steps: Open Media Player. Using the technique, Ivey and Sun won $9. No law exists to prevent players from guessing what the next card will be. Mouse over the Trade tab at the top of the page. In the Favorites window, go to More options > Manage favorites. Our second choice is Raindrop. . Além dos sistemas de aposta, o Edge Sorting é uma. Sort your Youtube Playlists alphabetically by default. Like the London case, the couple noticed small differences on the cards’ backs and subsequently asked the dealer to arrange them in a particular way. by Lalavelle. Don't forget to subscribe!– – – Tools & Equipment – – –👉 Mobile Device: h. According to multiple reports, including our in-house testing, it is happening randomly. Cards with a number and ten — 0 points. 1. Disadvantages of Edge Sorting. Sorting radially doesn’t go far enough - a polyline drawn through the sorted mid-points completes the square properly, but the starting point varies which is not desirable. Edge sorting has been around for ages, but it is hard to master, harder still to utilise – and very hard to catch. The app doesn’t save the videos themselves. To understand how edge sorting works, it’s essential to first note. Easy way to have your favorites in Alphabetical Order in Microsoft EdgeAre you looking to sort TikTok videos by view count? In this video, we'll show you how to do just that using the free "Sort for TikTok" Chrome extension. By Eliot Jacobson Ph. Edge sorting relies on you being able to pick up on this and keep. To do that, select a photo to print data info for. As a channel owner (or group owner/contributor) go to your channel. As the Phil Ivey edge sorting lawsuit with The Borgata gets closer to its trial date, and as expert reports and other media reports start gaining attention (see this article and this article), I thought it would be useful to create a new video explaining edge sorting. Every part of the process is. When one has set sorting to something else (for instance DATE in my case ) windows still opens a directory with the files sorted in the standard order and then takes 5 to 10 seconds to change the order to DATE. ★ Integration in the left sidebar on YouTube ★ Multi-select for videos on YouTube (remove, save to playlist, add to queue, mark as watched) ★ Keyboard shortcuts ★ Search videos in playlist ★ Sort videos by duration ★ Watched percent for YouTube playlist ★ Filter and sort YouTube playlists by videos count, views, and latest. Play Sort Eggs online for free. Every node N in a binary tree T except the root has a unique parent called the _____ of N. io. Video marketing. In a new twist, the Atlantic. D. No hand can go over 9 and any total over. Edge Sorting Game Types. Some are worse than others. Ivey told the Atlantic City casino that he would play for high stakes – up to $100,000 a hand – and pre-wire money if the facility would accept several. Slot Apps for Real Money. CasinoTop10's definitive video guide to edge sorting! See our full guide here art of edge sorting is a rare skill. Scopri di più su edge sorting qui sorting è una tecnica. Ivey and Sun successfully edge sorted at Borgata on four occasions in 2012, winning about $9. The Daily Mail provided this graphic: . If you’ve customized the sort order of the learning pathways web part on a page, you can reset the order to the default. By being able to identify critical cards, APs are able to improve their betting and playing decisions. In the case of baccarat, it is slight imperfections in the patterns printed on the back of cards. D. 6 million at Atlantic City’s Borgata. Techniques and Tactics: We have examined various edge sorting techniques, including identifying patterns, exploiting asymmetries, and leveraging card imperfections. Video Demo. Subsequently, Ivey was sued by the Borgota casino for $9M. Very easy to use just install and chose your sort by option then do search or visit TikTok profile and extension will auto sort your videos. 2 million) over the course of two days in August 2012. In 1994, there were 167 tables of CS in Nevada. Advantage gambling refers to legal methods that players may use to try to reduce the house edge. YouTube Shorts give you a new way to watch, discover and create short content using nothing but your phone. You will first look into the steps involved in Kruskal’s Algorithm to generate a minimum spanning tree: Step 1: Sort all edges in increasing order of their edge weights. Changing default sort order for videos in your channel. So, let's say that a player sees that the cards have been improperly cut. Right click in the gray space to access the context menu and click on the " Sort by name ". Internet Explorer 11 has been permanently disabled through a Microsoft Edge update on certain versions of Windows 10. Press and hold (or right-click) anywhere on the Favorites page, and then select Sort by name. , is suing professional poker player, Phil Ivey, for allegedly bilking the casino out of $9. Did Phil Ivey Edge Sort to get a very easy edge over Borgata Casino! Edge sorting is a gorgeous significant danger as certain widely recognized players was in a position to make millions of cash within the most reputed casinos. Of course, the shoe or deck must remain aligned for the player’s advantage to persist. The advantage shifts in favor of the players because now they can determine which of the two groups each card belongs to. Phil Ivey and Cheung Yin Sun brought edge sorting to the attention of millions when Ivey admitted he edge sorted at Crockfords Casino in London in 2012. Select All tags to remove all metadata. Even at a $100 wager, edge sorting yields over $2300 profit per 100 hands. Check. You can use these search options to quickly refine the results to videos that are less than five minutes long, 5-20 minutes in length, or over 20 minutes. It’s not considered illegal but Phil Ivey’s cases against the numerous casinos he played in are a testament to the risks that come with using this technique. The UniSort BlackEye can bring this material back into the loop and. The Borgata Hotel Casino & Spa in Atlantic City, N. Original and larger version used to live here but has been deleted since. PocketTube is the easiest way to manage all your YouTube subscriptions. Sort for TikTok es una extensión gratuita de Chrome para ordenar los videos de los usuarios por los más vistos. And as we all know from the infamous Phil Ivey case, casinos don’t take kindly to players using this technique. According to estimate, a player using Edge sorting can gain an advantage over the casino up to 6. Toggle Customize Sort to On, then select Apply. State True or False for internal sorting algorithms. It involves predicting cards faced down and aiming to give gamblers an advantage in. 6 million. 6m playing baccarat at the Borgata. Children and adults can play our sorting arcade video games on mobile devices like Apple iPhones, Google Android powered cell phones from manufactures like Samsung, tablets like the iPad or Kindle Fire, laptops, and Windows-powered. I guess there's playlists for video series. On channels in videos tab you can sort videos by: Most popular. There is tremendous visual impact in seeing. Video footage of the Rainbow Bridge car explosion. How to Sort YouTube Videos By Oldest (Updated 2023)In this video, I will show you how to sort youtube videos by oldestFor business inquiries: crotutskontakt@. RICHARD MUNCHKIN: It was a brilliant thing to come up with. It’s also quite hard to pull off, actually – not to mention illegal in some countries. In the Favorites window, go to More options > Manage favorites. But fortunately, for later reference or if anyone else stumbles across this, I found a solution:. Since you are already here then chances are that you are stuck on a specific level and. To sort by name, open the Favorites page by entering edge://favorites in the address bar then press Enter key. I teach millions of students around the world every month across YouTube, Instagram, TikTok, and o. When one has set sorting to something else (for instance DATE in my case ) windows still opens a directory with the files sorted in the standard order and then takes 5 to 10 seconds to change the order to DATE. The Microsoft Edge web browser allows you to create bookmarks for any website that you want to save for easy access later. you can click & drag favourites into the created folders. If you really want to, you can create a Google API account, claim free credits, get the channel's upload playlist id and then write a script to bypass the 50 videos per request and get all the video ids and metadata. The main object of the game blackjack is to defeat the dealer by going as close to 21 as possible but without going over 21. ai and ay Group sort. Edge sorting is one of the best examples of such a grey zone as it received a lot of media coverage due to the infamous Phil Ivey edge sorting case. Nonetheless, some games use specially designed large cards that are simpler to distinguish and view on a video stream. Upon opening Microsoft Edge, click on the three-dotted button to open the options page and click on settings. This method of advantage play is not new; APs have been using it to. . . On Wednesday, the UK Supreme Court ruled in favour of the. Để người chơi dễ hiểu và có thể thực hiện thủ thuật này, nên làm theo các bước sau: Bước 1: Xác định bàn chơi có bộ bài đặc biệt. Very easy to use just install and chose your sort by option then do search or visit TikTok profile and extension will auto sort your videos. " The removal of the option to sort videos from oldest to newest has not been implemented for all YouTube accounts. You can read more about edge sor. Source: Windows. YouTube used to allow you to append &list=UL to any video to get a playlist of a channel's videos in chronological order; This no longer works; The Solution. Shai Avidan, Ariel Shamir. . Click on the three dots from there, and open t. It uses tiny differences between cards and manipulation of the dealer to overcome the inbuilt house edge of the game. Please share the feedback link after submitting, I will submit your feedback to the relevant team for investigation through. Type of abuse. It is done involuntarily and is huge inseparable from an ordinary gamer. D. Intended to help you binge all the videos from a channel oldest to newest easily & simplyGET EXTENSION OpenShot Video Editor 3. It’s ridiculously difficult: This is one of the hardest strategies to learn to gain an advantage in baccarat. To install Gmail add-ons, click the icon for the app you want in the Marketplace, and then click Install . Once you are satisfied with the video's position, release your mouse button. Keep an. . Rosalynn Carter, the former first lady and humanitarian who championed mental health care, provided constant political counsel to her husband, former. Edge sorting can get you in trouble. Place all the squares in the correct colored spaces to clear each of the 100 different levels. Microsoft Edge Canary now lets you sort Collections by name, date created, and recently used. . YouTube finally added sorting functionality to their mobile app allowing users to quickly find the content they want to watch on their favourite channels. In Edge, click on the three horizontal lines icon at the top, towards the right to open the Hub. Casino games at Sailor bingo. radix sort and merge sort routines for manycore GPUs, tak-ing advantage of the full programmability offered by CUDA. Any four cards of the same suit. Edge Sorting, 101. 1 million in winnings as well as $1. Power your marketing strategy with perfectly branded videos to drive better ROI. Tap the “Edit Profile” button in the top right corner of the screen. Step 4. Click and hold your mouse button down. Learn more: Edge can make the jumble of tabs in your internet browser shipshape. There are many different sorting algorithms, each has its own. Note: This topic is for the new Microsoft Edge . With each iteration increase the radius by one pixel. Ivey and a partner, “Kelly” Cheung Yin Sun, used a technique known as edge-sorting to win £7. . Watch and create your own short videos on YouTube. This will take and save the tomato image to the Edge Impulse cloud. This short video demonstrates edge sorting blackjack, with groups High = {T, J, Q, K, A} and Low = {2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}. Unfortunately, you can only sort your favorites by name in Edge and there's no other sort option aside from that. Selected video being dragged down the playlist. Saiba como una técnica conhecida como edge sorting ou classificação de bordas pode ajudar os apostadores a derrotar os cassinos nos jogos de cartas. 3. Open the YouTube app on your Android phone or tablet. Inicio; Mejor casino de Bitcoin; NOTICIAS BTC; Analizador de manos de video poker; Modo nocturno; Iniciar Sesión ¡Bienvenidos! Ingresa a tu cuenta. By the year 2000, that number dropped to 97 tables. . 319% edge by betting on Player: Another way that edge sorting can take place is if, after the shoe is sorted, only the first card is observed before the wager is made. ). Edge Sorting and Blackjack. You can now drag the video to a higher or lower spot in the playlist. Available 6 PM - 8 AM PST. Any content of an adult theme or inappropriate to a community web site. Players have tried using it on blackjack, baccarat, poker and other card games. Updated April 12, 2022 Casino Articles 2823 If you’ve been a gambler for some time, you’ll have heard about edge sorting. Learn how to do anything, with high-quality how-to videos. Press and hold (or right-click) anywhere on the Favorites page, and then select Sort by name. Let us bring the thrills of Atlantic City to your doorstep with a large array of Blackjack, Roulette, Slots, Video Poker, Table Games, and Big Jackpot slots. In the Favorites window, go to More options > Manage favorites. Ivey was determined to. There is a search box in the left panel which will search for folders or favourites. Instead, it saves their URLs,. Sprucemarks is now free. I know of many instances of edge sorting that were not prosecuted in civil court. When you open "Collections", click the three dots in the upper right. #YouTube #YouTubetutorial #YouTubefeature #YouTubevideos #YouTubeplaylistWe've received comments that YouTube has once again changed how you can change the order of playlists on your YouTube Channel. One fine April evening 8 years ago, Phil Ivey and Cheung Yin ‘Kelly’ Sun - a friend of the poker legend with a unique talent for reading the design flaws in playing cards - started a run on. Viewing videos requires an internet connection Description: This lecture covers depth-first search, including edge classification, and how DFS is used for cycle detection and topological sort. Date added (oldest) Date added (newest) But you cannot sort by length. Learn about the different ways and. The unique feature of this video is that it has no sound. . Its a perfectly legitimate means by which to play and falls squarely into advantage-play territory. Our radix sort is the fastest GPU sort reported in the liter-ature, and is up to 4 times faster than the graphics-based GPUSort. The US pro gambler was accused of cheating by a technique known as ‘edge sorting’, prompting the casino to refuse to pay out on winnings he had picked. Before Ivey’s stunning rampage, most casinos hadn’t even heard about edge sorting. This short video demonstrates edge sorting blackjack, with groups High = {T, J, Q, K, A} and Low = {2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}. OpenShot is an award-winning free and open-source video editor for Linux, Mac, and Windows. If a new item is added to the folder, it is placed at the bottom of the list. 3 it should be able to shut itself off. As part of its Delivering for America plan, the Postal Service has promised to “procure and deploy more than 185 new package sorters. Pick up where you left off. MintydoggoSTEVE • 1 yr. Try it now on the YouTube app. A path in a directed graph is a sequence of edges having the property that the ending vertex of each. Olá! Faça login na sua conta. Ivey and his accomplice, Cheung Yin “Kelly” Sun, edge sorted to beat Crockfords (London) and the Borgata (Atlantic City) out of a combined $21. Dense Graph s: A graph with many edges compared to the number of vertices. Pros: the Vertical fights in the hangar are always fun. Or just easy pickin. The player must bet on either the Banker or the Player. District. Make Microsoft Edge your own with extensions that help you personalize the browser and be more productive. BILL ZENDER: Edge sorting has been around for a long time. Much like card counting, it can go under the radar. They say that edge sorting is more like a respectable form of benefit play than guess capping or card marking. js. Using another loop, save the coordinates of the edge pixels to a list. Mar 12 2023. This technique to say the least requires a high amount of attention to detail and practice but actually allows players to read the cards that are facing down. Only bonus funds count towards wagering back of the it? them. The one who gets a number 9 or the closest to it wins. ♡ 100% gratis y sin anuncios ♡ No requiere permisos ♡ Sin analizadores de tráfico ♡ No cambia el motor de búsqueda Con el fin de proteger tu cuenta, recomendamos utilizar siempre la extensión sin iniciar sesión en TikTok. 4. Edge sorting is neither card counting nor, in theory, cheating, but it is close enough to be considered unfair. . technique involves recognising differences in Is edge sorting cash. May 20, 2023. The world famous Poker pro thought he had found an ingenious way to beat Baccarat, a real game of luck, but in the end he got caught out and lost it all. Instead of adding "reddit" to the end of your search, start it off by using the "site:" search flag to narrow it down to just the reddit domain. 10 min. Click Continue. Tip: You can create albums, and add or. To arrange favorites alphabetically, Go to Settings and more > Favorites. When casino cards are cut, the patterns on the back aren’t always perfect. New version of MacOS has video wallpapers, where there's a live Lock Screen that blends with. Pick a new default sort order from the drop down. The method relies on exploiting imperfections in the printing or cutting of the cards to determine whether a card has a high or low value. Threats include any threat of suicide, violence, or harm to another. . Postal Service over the agency’s plans to decommission 671 mail-sorting machines at facilities across the country. S. On the menu, click the Favorites (star) button. ROSE EVELETH: But nobody had ever seen it applied like this before. Edge sorting is when someone with an incredibly keen eye can see tiny imperfections in the edges of the backs of cards. Select Albums. Raindrop. Copy the creator’s username and exit TikTok. Some people consider it cheating but it is not as simple as breaking the rules. The card decks in question are conventional 52-card decks. Enter the videos section within this channel in the app. Edge sorting requires a sharp memory and the ability to spot irregularities either in patterns, shapes, or cuts of cards. A normal card should have a perfectly symmetrical design on the back, while an improperly cut card will have an asymmetrical design. So I decided to create a bookmarklet to do it in ascending order. To sort your Facebook feed by most recent, start by going to Facebook's website in any desktop browser and log in to your account. Create an extra folder in your bookmark favorites. In 2012, Phil Ivey became the talk of the gambling world after winning a fortune through a little-known technique called edge sorting. By doing that, the Chinese heiress could accurately track the deck and signal Phil Ivey, when to up the them. How it works. El edge Sorting es uno de los juegos más divertidos del 2023. Click on Manage favorites. Click Settings. Today I will be revealing why youtube removed the sort by oldest feature, and how to bring to back. How Edge Sorting Works. @Nick Hasselblad - We don't have a way to organize videos within channels. Retrieved 20 December 2016. Cards can then be sorted into those. It is discussed in the episode "Queen of Sorts," whic. • Review and improve your. Sorting factory is in the center of the map so most of the time you are already in the first circle. ii. Exploiting unintentional differences on the backs of the cards is known as edge sorting. Using Collections Icon. We recommend you use Microsoft Edge for a faster, more secure and more modern web browsing experience. When the entire deck has been edge sorted, the player will gain an incredible advantage over the house by being able to accurately predict the value of the next card, before it. Poker superstar Phil Ivey is currently in a legal battle with two prominent casinos which have accused him of cheating by using a baccarat technique. 6 min. Now, whatever order you select them in will decide what order they are arranged into once you've moved them. Older videos take longer to process. Wa. Phil Ivey is being prosecuted for edge sorting as casinos determined that it is an illegal practice. In 2012, Ivey and Sun won more than $9. . The following table gives optimal edge sort strategy for baccarat: The following picture illustrates the situation HL vs. Now any viewers who visit this channel will see the videos. (Easy): Edge Sorting. The term usually refers to house-banked casino games, but can also refer to games played against other players, such as poker. I don't think so. Your TikTok videos will now be sorted by date, with the most recent videos appearing first. Verified accounts can publish up to 60 minutes of videos. The Borgata Hotel Casino & Spa in Atlantic City, N. Right click in the gray space to access the context menu and click on the " Sort by name ". . Click on the Settings & More Ellipsis (…) on the right hand corner and then, select Help & Feedback and select Send Feedback. The camera features help you creatively share your voice, ideas, and more. 3. 5: Fixed issue where no results would appear in the browser on Mac (when sorting by column with non-alphanumeric characters) (thanks lin onetwo for helping me. Ivey and Sun’s edge sorting is a global affair In late 2016, Ivey and Sun were also ordered to pay back $10. Top, Users, Videos, Sounds, Hashtags. As we reported in our previous feature on the unfolding Borgata-v-Ivey case, Ivey played a variation of high-stakes baccarat at the Borgata. BY TIM BOND. Phil Ivey in 2012 got hinself into a lot of trouble when he was caught doing the practice of edge sorting playing the game of baccarat in the Borgata and Cro. To the readers and followers of APHeat, you are no doubt wondering about this new look. by Tutoringtogopa. The idea is to study the back of a card or cards, identify which rank and number it belongs to and lock it in your memory. Key info: - Works automatically when Youtube is opened - 'Watch. However, it can be utilized in different on line casino video games as nicely if the cards are shuffled. CasinoTop10's definitive video guide to edge sorting! See our full guide here art of edge sorting is a rare skill. It will disable file grouping on all folders on that. I find the Favorites interface very inefficient for making large scale changes to Microsoft Edge Favorites. Select photos you want to add to the album and then click Add album. This was where David Evans first became The Edge, Paul Hewson was Bono Vox of O. Select Settings , and under the About section, select About Photos. Works on your playlists in the sidebar as well as the playlist popup that show when you click the 'Save to Playlist' button. read By Eliot Jacobson Ph. By. Ivey lost both of his cases (against Crockfords and the Borgata), which indicates the law isn’t on the player’s side here. 5 KB) The form is tricky, making it tough to find a rule that can apply to all of the faces that would help with the sorting. This extension magically finds that use playlist & can play all videos from a channel without opening new tabs. We've received comments that YouTube has once again changed how you can change the order of playlists on your YouTube Channel.